Understanding EMD in tenders is one of the first steps Tender18 helps bidders with. As explained by Tender18, EMD is generally calculated as a percentage of the estimated tender value, usually between 1% and 3%, depending on the department and project size. This amount is always mentioned in the tender document and must be deposited exactly as prescribed. By tracking tender notices an... https://tender18.com/blog-details/How-To-Calculate-EMD-in-Tenders