Characters.get('e', 0) tells python to search for The important thing 'e' during the dictionary. If it's actually not located it returns 0. Given that this is The very first time 'e' is handed through the loop, the character 'e' is not located in the dictionary however, Hence the get strategy https://dantetekqw.ampblogs.com/detailed-notes-on-weed-in-belfast-73789951