In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is primarily due to the insufficient oxygen in Nb2O5, employed as a Uncooked product Original melt (Czochralski method) [186]. Accordingly, based on its generation technological innovation, niobium pentoxide can undertake an array of compositions Nb2O5−x. Hence, after https://-lithiumniobatecrystal14568.blogoscience.com/38724005/considerations-to-know-about-lithium-niobate-crystal